Also Known As Semen Analysis
A sperm test, also known as a semen analysis, is a laboratory examination of a man’s semen to assess both the quantity and quality of sperm. This test measures key parameters such as sperm count (the number of sperm present), motility (how well the sperm move), morphology (the shape of the sperm), concentration, and semen volume. It is commonly used to investigate male fertility issues or to confirm the effectiveness of a vasectomy.
In Malaysia, and specifically at KL Fertility Centre in Kuala Lumpur, semen analysis is a standard part of male fertility assessment. The test is performed after 3–5 days of abstinence and follows World Health Organization (WHO, 2021) standards for accuracy.
KL Fertility Centre offers comprehensive male fertility packages, including semen analysis, sperm DNA fragmentation tests, consultation with fertility specialists, and further investigations if needed. This service is designed for men concerned about their fertility or those seeking further advice after abnormal sperm test results.
For more information on the various parameters in a sperm test or semen analysis, simply click on any of the items below.
Sperm Count
Sperm count refers to the number of sperm present in a given amount of semen, typically measured in millions per milliliter (mL).
A normal sperm count is considered to be at least 15 million sperm per mL of s hi emen. Sperm counts below this threshold are classified as low (oligospermia) sperm count (oligozoospermia), which can make natural conception more challenging for some couples.
Under the microscope, a normal sperm count sample contains numerous sperm cells. In contrast, a low sperm count sample shows fewer sperm cells per field of view, making them sparser and less dense under the microscope.
Sperm Motility
Sperm motility refers to the ability of sperm to move efficiently, which is crucial for fertilization as sperm must swim through the female reproductive tract to reach the egg.
A healthy sperm sample typically has at least 40% motile sperm, with 30% or more showing progressive motility.
Under the microscope, motile sperm exhibit active movement, swimming forward in mostly straight lines or large circles. On the other hand, immotile sperm appear stationary without any forward movement, sometimes only twitching in place, which reduces the likelihood of reaching and fertilizing the egg.
Sperm Morphology
Sperm morphology refers to the assessment of the shape and structure of sperm under a high-powered microscope, which is crucial for determining fertility potential.
At least 4% of sperm should have a normal shape to be considered within the normal range. Abnormal sperm morphology, such as misshapen heads or defective tails, can reduce the sperm’s ability to fertilize an egg.
Normal morphology sperm have:
- a smooth, oval-shaped head measuring about 5-6 micrometers long and 2.5-3.5 micrometers wide,
- a well-defined acrosome covering 40-70% of the head.
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the midpiece is slender and about the same length as the head, and
the tail is long, uncoiled (around 45 micrometers), and thinner than the head and midpiece.
Normal sperm have no large vacuoles or structural defects in the head, midpiece, or tail.
However, abnormal morphology sperm display various defects such as:
- Macrocephaly: enlarged head, often with extra chromosomes.
- Microcephaly or pinhead: abnormally small heads, sometimes with defective acrosomes or reduced DNA.
- Tapered or thin heads: cigar-shaped or narrow heads are possibly linked to genetic or environmental factors.
- Globozoospermia: round-headed sperm lacking acrosomes, impairing fertilization.
- Defects in the midpiece or tail, such as coiled or multiple tails, which hinder motility and function.
Sperm DNA Fragmentation
A sperm DNA fragmentation test evaluates the integrity of DNA within sperm cells, which is vital for successful fertilization and healthy embryo development. This test detects breaks or damage in the DNA strands of sperm, which can negatively impact fertility even if sperm count and motility appear normal.
A normal DNA Fragmentation Index (DFI) is generally considered to be less than 15%, meaning that fewer than 15% of sperm have damaged DNA. Levels between 15% and 30% are viewed as elevated and may negatively affect fertility, while a DFI above 30% is considered severely elevated, significantly impacting fertility potential and often requiring assisted reproductive techniques like intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) for better outcomes.
Under the microscope, normal sperm heads appear blue only, while sperm with DNA fragmentation exhibit both blue and red staining, highlighting damaged DNA.
Understanding Male Fertility Test in Malaysia
A semen analysis provides valuable insights into a man’s fertility by evaluating sperm count, motility, morphology, volume, and other parameters. Abnormal results may indicate potential fertility issues such as low sperm count, poor motility, or abnormal sperm shape, which can reduce the likelihood of natural conception. However, an abnormal semen analysis is not the end of the world. It is simply a starting point for further evaluation and treatment.
Many men with abnormal semen parameters can still father children naturally or with medical assistance. Factors such as female fertility, lifestyle changes, and advanced reproductive technologies (like IVF or ICSI) play significant roles in achieving pregnancy. Additionally, sperm quality can vary over time, so repeat testing is often recommended before drawing conclusions.
Cost of Sperm Test
At KL Fertility Centre, we have various sperm tests that you can take advantage of. Some of the tests include the cost of a sperm test, advanced sperm assessment (Hyaluronan Binding Assay, HBA) and/or a consultation with the fertility specialist.
A semen analysis is an essential test to evaluate male fertility, with costs typically ranging from RM100 to RM200, depending on the clinic and location. This basic sperm test measures important factors such as sperm count, motility, morphology, volume, and overall sperm health.
For couples seeking a more detailed evaluation, KL Fertility Centre offers advanced sperm assessments and these include specialized tests like the Hyaluronan Binding Assay (HBA), which assesses sperm maturity and binding capacity, and the Sperm DNA Fragmentation Test, which detects DNA damage in sperm cells. These advanced tests provide deeper insights into sperm quality and fertility potential, helping fertility specialists tailor effective treatment plans for men.
While advanced sperm assessments generally cost more than standard semen analysis, they offer valuable information for diagnosing complex infertility issues. If you want a comprehensive fertility evaluation, consider booking both basic and advanced sperm tests for accurate diagnosis and personalized care.
Concerned About Male Fertility? Schedule a Sperm Test Today
If you are concerned about male infertility, getting an accurate sperm test is the first crucial step. Our fertility clinic in Malaysia offers comprehensive semen analysis that can help identify hidden fertility issues that standard semen analysis might miss. Whether you are just starting your fertility journey or seeking answers after previous challenges, KL Fertility Centre can help men facing abnormal sperm test results explore effective options to improve fertility and increase their chances of conception. Early assessment and tailored care make a significant difference in overcoming male infertility challenges.
Don’t wait—take control of your fertility health today! Book an appointment now to get the answers and care you need.